What Are Modals?
Modals are words like can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, and ought to.
They are always used with the main verb in its base form.
Example:
- I can play the guitar.
- She must study for the exam.
Uses of Modals
1. Ability
We use modals to show what someone can or could do.
- Can – shows present ability
Example: I can swim. - Could – shows past ability
Example: She could run fast when she was young.
2. Possibility
We use modals to show that something might happen.
- May / Might – shows possibility
Example: It may rain today.
Example: She might come tomorrow.
3. Permission
We can use modals to ask for or give permission.
- Can / May
Example: You can go out.
Example: May I enter the class?
4. Obligation or Advice
Some modals show that something must be done or give advice.
- Must – shows strong obligation
Example: You must wear a helmet. - Should / Ought to – gives advice
Example: You should eat healthy food.
5. Future or Willingness
We use modals to talk about the future or willingness.
- Will – future actions
Example: I will help you. - Shall – formal future or suggestion
Example: We shall overcome this problem.
6. Polite Requests
Some modals make our requests sound polite.
- Would / Could
Example: Could you help me, please?
Example: Would you like some tea?
Key Rules to Remember
- Modals are always followed by the base form of the verb.
Example: She can play the piano. - Modals do not change form with different subjects.
Example: He can sing. / They can sing. - Modals do not use “to” with the main verb (except “ought to”).