🌍 1. Biodiversity
Biodiversity means the variety of living organisms found on Earth.
👉 It includes plants, animals, microorganisms, and ecosystems.
🧬 2. Need for Classification
Classification helps to:
- Organize living organisms
- Study diversity easily
- Understand relationships between organisms
- Identify unknown species
🧾 3. Basis of Classification
Organisms are classified based on:
- Cell structure (unicellular / multicellular)
- Mode of nutrition
- Body organization
- Evolutionary relationships
🌱 4. Five Kingdom Classification (Whittaker)
🔹 (A) Monera
- Unicellular
- No true nucleus
- Example: bacteria
🔹 (B) Protista
- Unicellular eukaryotes
- Example: Amoeba, Euglena
🔹 (C) Fungi
- Saprophytic organisms
- Example: yeast, mushroom
🔹 (D) Plantae
- Multicellular, autotrophic
- Example: plants
🔹 (E) Animalia
- Multicellular, heterotrophic
- Example: animals
🌳 5. Hierarchy of Classification
Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
👉 Species is the basic unit of classification
MCQs (50 Questions – CBSE Style)
1. Biodiversity means:
A) similarity of life
B) variety of life
C) absence of life
D) single organism
Answer: B
2. Classification helps in:
A) increasing pollution
B) organizing organisms
C) reducing oxygen
D) destroying species
Answer: B
3. Basic unit of classification is:
A) genus
B) family
C) species
D) order
Answer: C
4. Five kingdom classification was given by:
A) Darwin
B) Whittaker
C) Mendel
D) Lamarck
Answer: B
5. Monera includes:
A) plants
B) animals
C) bacteria
D) fungi
Answer: C
6. Protista are mostly:
A) multicellular
B) unicellular
C) dead organisms
D) viruses
Answer: B
7. Fungi are:
A) autotrophic
B) saprophytic
C) photosynthetic only
D) carnivorous
Answer: B
8. Plantae are:
A) heterotrophic
B) autotrophic
C) parasitic
D) decomposers
Answer: B
9. Animalia are:
A) autotrophic
B) heterotrophic
C) photosynthetic
D) unicellular
Answer: B
10. Species is the level of:
A) highest classification
B) lowest classification
C) kingdom
D) domain
Answer: B
11. Order of classification is:
A) species → genus → family
B) kingdom → species
C) species → kingdom
D) genus → species → kingdom
Answer: A
12. Amoeba belongs to:
A) Plantae
B) Animalia
C) Protista
D) Fungi
Answer: C
13. Mushroom belongs to:
A) Plantae
B) Fungi
C) Animalia
D) Monera
Answer: B
14. Bacteria belong to:
A) Protista
B) Monera
C) Fungi
D) Plantae
Answer: B
15. Classification is based on:
A) color only
B) structure and function
C) size only
D) habitat only
Answer: B
📝 Assertion–Reason (10 Questions)
- A: Species is the basic unit of classification
R: Members of a species can reproduce
👉 A - A: Monera has no nucleus
R: It is prokaryotic
👉 A - A: Fungi are autotrophic
R: They make their own food
👉 C - A: Classification helps in studying biodiversity
R: It groups organisms systematically
👉 A - A: Protista are multicellular
R: They are always large organisms
👉 C
📊 Numericals (Concept-Based – Simple)
- If 1 kingdom has 5 groups, and each group has 4 species → total species?
👉 20 - If biodiversity decreases by 10% yearly, remaining after 2 years?
👉 81% - If genus has 3 species and 4 genera form a family → species in family?
👉 12 - If 2 kingdoms each have 5 phyla → total phyla?
👉 10 - If 100 organisms classified into 4 groups equally → per group?
👉 25
📄 Fill in the Blanks (Compact)
- Biodiversity means ________ of life → variety
- Classification helps in ________ organisms → organizing
- Basic unit of classification is ________ → species
- Five kingdom system was given by ________ → Whittaker
- Monera lacks ________ → nucleus
- Protista are mostly ________ → unicellular
- Fungi are ________ → saprophytic
- Plantae are ________ → autotrophic
- Animalia are ________ → heterotrophic
- Species is the ________ level → lowest