ISRO GK Complete Notes

ISRO GK Complete Notes

🚀 ISRO GK

🟢 1. Basic Information

  • Full Form: Indian Space Research Organisation
  • Established: 15 August 1969
  • Founder: Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
  • Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
  • Parent Department: Department of Space (Government of India)
  • Spaceport: Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh)
  • Motto Idea: Space technology for national development

🟣 2. ISRO Centres (Full List)

🚀 Major Centres

  • VSSC (Thiruvananthapuram) – Rockets & launch vehicles
  • URSC (Bengaluru) – Satellites design
  • SAC (Ahmedabad) – Communication & imaging
  • NRSC (Hyderabad) – Remote sensing data
  • IPRC (Mahendragiri) – Engine testing
  • HSFC (Bengaluru) – Human Spaceflight (Gaganyaan)
  • LPSC (Kerala & Bengaluru) – Propulsion systems
  • SDSC SHAR (Sriharikota) – Launch site

🔵 3. ISRO Launch Vehicles (Complete)

🚀 First Generation

  • RH-75 – First experimental rocket
  • SLV-3 – First satellite launch vehicle (1980 success)

🚀 Second Generation

  • ASLV – Improved payload capacity

🚀 Operational Rockets

  • PSLV – Most reliable “Workhorse of ISRO”
  • GSLV Mk II – Medium lift
  • LVM3 (GSLV Mk III) – Most powerful rocket
  • SSLV – Small satellite launcher

🚀 Advanced / Future Tech

  • Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV-TD)
  • Scramjet Engine (air-breathing propulsion)
  • Semi-cryogenic engine (under development)

🌙 4. Moon Missions (Chandrayaan Series)

  • Chandrayaan-1 (2008)
    • Discovered water molecules on Moon
  • Chandrayaan-2 (2019)
    • Orbiter successful
    • Lander crash (Vikram)
  • Chandrayaan-3 (2023)
    • Successful soft landing near Moon South Pole
    • India became 4th country to land on Moon

🔴 5. Mars Mission

  • Mangalyaan / Mars Orbiter Mission (2013)
    • India reached Mars orbit in first attempt
    • Most cost-effective Mars mission in history
    • India became first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit

☀️ 6. Sun & Deep Space Missions

  • Aditya-L1 (2023) – Solar observation mission
  • Astrosat (2015) – India’s first space telescope

🛰️ 7. Satellite Systems (Complete Classification)

📡 Communication Satellites

  • INSAT series
  • GSAT series
  • South Asia Satellite (GSAT-9)

🌍 Earth Observation Satellites

  • IRS series
  • Cartosat series (mapping & imaging)
  • Resourcesat series
  • Oceansat series (oceans & climate)
  • RISAT series (radar imaging)

🧭 Navigation System

  • NavIC (IRNSS system)
  • India’s regional GPS alternative

🔬 Scientific Satellites

  • Astrosat
  • Chandrayaan orbiters
  • Experimental payload satellites

👨‍🚀 8. Human Space Programme

  • Project Name: Gaganyaan
  • Objective: Send Indian astronauts to space
  • Astronaut Name: Vyomanauts
  • Module Types:
    • Crew Module
    • Service Module
  • Training Partners: India + Russia + other agencies
  • Managed by: HSFC (Human Space Flight Centre)

🧪 9. Advanced Technologies (VERY IMPORTANT)

  • Cryogenic engines (CE-20, C-25)
  • Semi-cryogenic engines (SC120 project)
  • Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV-TD)
  • Scramjet engine (hypersonic speed tech)
  • Space docking experiments (SPADEX type missions)
  • Small Satellite Launch Technology (SSLV)
  • Electric propulsion systems (advanced satellites)

🏆 10. Major Achievements of ISRO

  • Aryabhata – First Indian satellite (1975)
  • SLV-3 – First successful launch vehicle
  • PSLV – World’s most reliable launch vehicle
  • Chandrayaan-3 – Successful Moon south pole landing
  • Mangalyaan – First Mars mission in first attempt
  • Low-cost space exploration leader globally
  • Multiple satellites in one launch record
  • Strong international commercial launch services

📡 11. Types of ISRO Missions

  • Communication missions
  • Earth observation missions
  • Navigation missions
  • Interplanetary missions
  • Human spaceflight missions
  • Scientific research missions
  • Technology demonstration missions

🧠 12. Important Firsts (Very Important for Exams)

  • First satellite: Aryabhata
  • First rocket: RH-75
  • First launch vehicle: SLV-3
  • First Moon mission: Chandrayaan-1
  • First Mars mission: Mangalyaan
  • First soft lunar landing: Chandrayaan-3
  • First solar mission: Aditya-L1

🌍 13. Importance of ISRO

  • Weather forecasting
  • Disaster management
  • Communication networks
  • Navigation systems (NavIC)
  • Agriculture monitoring
  • National security support
  • Scientific research advancement