Class 4 English Grammar – Complete Textbook Guide
English grammar is the system of rules that helps us use the English language correctly. It teaches us how to form sentences, use words properly, and communicate our ideas clearly. Learning grammar improves reading, writing, speaking, and understanding skills.
For Class 4 students, grammar focuses on the basic structure of sentences and the correct use of common words.
Syllabus of Class 4 English Grammar
The important topics included in Class 4 English Grammar are:
- The Sentence
- Subject and Predicate
- Kinds of Sentences
- Noun
- Kinds of Noun
- Singular and Plural
- Gender
- Pronoun
- Verb
- Tenses
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Articles (A, An, The)
- Prepositions
- Conjunctions
- Interjections
- Punctuation
- Capital Letters
- Paragraph Writing
Each topic helps students understand how the English language works.
1. The Sentence
A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense. It expresses a full thought or idea.
Example:
- The sun is shining.
- The children are playing.
- My mother is cooking dinner.
Every sentence must begin with a capital letter and end with a punctuation mark such as a full stop (.), a question mark (?), or an exclamation mark (!).
Example:
Incorrect: the dog is barking
Correct: The dog is barking.
Important Rules of Sentences
- A sentence must contain a subject and a verb.
- It must express a complete idea.
- It must begin with a capital letter.
- It must end with a proper punctuation mark.
Example:
Birds fly in the sky.
2. Subject and Predicate
Every sentence has two main parts: the subject and the predicate.
Subject
The subject is the person, place, animal, or thing that the sentence is about.
Example:
The boy is running.
Subject: The boy
Predicate
The predicate tells us something about the subject. It includes the verb and the rest of the sentence.
Example:
The boy is running in the park.
Predicate: is running in the park
Example Sentences:
The cat is sleeping.
The teacher is explaining the lesson.
My father drives a car.
3. Kinds of Sentences
Sentences can be divided into four types depending on their purpose.
1. Declarative Sentence
A declarative sentence makes a statement or gives information.
Examples:
- I live in a big city.
- The sky is blue.
- She likes chocolate.
These sentences end with a full stop.
2. Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks a question.
Examples:
- Where do you live?
- What is your name?
- Are you ready?
These sentences end with a question mark (?).
3. Imperative Sentence
An imperative sentence gives a command, advice, or request.
Examples:
- Close the door.
- Please help me.
- Wash your hands.
These sentences usually end with a full stop.
4. Exclamatory Sentence
An exclamatory sentence shows strong feelings such as surprise, joy, or excitement.
Examples:
- What a beautiful day!
- Wow! That is amazing!
- How fast he runs!
These sentences end with an exclamation mark (!).
4. Noun
A noun is the name of a person, place, animal, or thing.
Examples:
Persons
teacher, doctor, Riya, Rahul
Places
school, park, market, city
Animals
dog, cat, elephant, lion
Things
book, table, pen, computer
Example Sentences:
- Riya is reading a book.
- The dog is barking.
- My school is very large.
5. Kinds of Noun
Nouns can be divided into different types.
Proper Noun
A proper noun is the special name of a particular person, place, or thing.
Examples:
Rahul
India
Delhi
Monday
Proper nouns always begin with capital letters.
Example:
Rahul lives in Delhi.
Common Noun
A common noun is a general name for a person, place, animal, or thing.
Examples:
boy
girl
city
dog
school
Example Sentence:
The boy is playing football.
Collective Noun
A collective noun refers to a group of people, animals, or things.
Examples:
a team of players
a flock of birds
a bunch of grapes
Example Sentence:
A flock of birds is flying in the sky.
6. Singular and Plural
Singular means one person, animal, or thing.
Examples:
cat
book
child
Plural means more than one.
Examples:
cats
books
children
Rules for Forming Plurals
Most nouns become plural by adding –s
Examples:
dog → dogs
pen → pens
Some nouns add –es
Examples:
box → boxes
bus → buses
Some nouns change completely
Examples:
man → men
child → children
tooth → teeth
7. Gender
Gender tells whether a noun is male or female.
Masculine Gender
Names of males.
Examples:
boy
king
father
lion
Feminine Gender
Names of females.
Examples:
girl
queen
mother
lioness
Common Gender
Words that can refer to both males and females.
Examples:
teacher
doctor
student
8. Pronoun
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.
Pronouns help avoid repeating the same noun again and again.
Example:
Riya is my friend. Riya likes drawing.
Correct form:
Riya is my friend. She likes drawing.
Common Pronouns:
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Example Sentences:
He is my brother.
She is reading a book.
They are playing cricket.
9. Verb
A verb is a word that shows action or state of being.
Action Verbs
These verbs show what someone does.
Examples:
run
eat
play
write
jump
Example Sentences:
The boy runs fast.
She writes neatly.
Being Verbs
These verbs describe a state or condition.
Examples:
is
am
are
was
were
Example Sentences:
She is happy.
They are students.
10. Tenses
Tense tells us when an action takes place.
Present Tense
Action happening now.
Examples:
She plays football.
I read books.
Past Tense
Action that already happened.
Examples:
She played football yesterday.
I visited my grandmother.
Future Tense
Action that will happen later.
Examples:
She will play tomorrow.
We will visit the zoo.
11. Adjective
An adjective describes a noun. It gives more information about a person, place, or thing.
Examples:
big
small
beautiful
happy
tall
Example Sentences:
She has a beautiful dress.
The tall boy is my friend.
I saw a big elephant.
12. Adverb
An adverb describes a verb. It tells us how, when, or where something happens.
Examples:
quickly
slowly
happily
loudly
Example Sentences:
She runs quickly.
He speaks loudly.
They worked happily.
13. Articles (A, An, The)
Articles are special words used before nouns.
A
Used before consonant sounds.
Examples:
a dog
a book
a car
An
Used before vowel sounds.
Examples:
an apple
an elephant
an umbrella
The
Used to talk about a specific person or thing.
Examples:
the sun
the moon
the teacher
14. Prepositions
A preposition shows the relationship between two words in a sentence.
Examples:
in
on
under
behind
between
near
Example Sentences:
The book is on the table.
The cat is under the chair.
The ball is between the boxes.
15. Conjunctions
Conjunctions join words or sentences.
Common conjunctions include:
and
but
or
because
so
Example Sentences:
I like tea and coffee.
She is small but strong.
I stayed home because it was raining.
16. Interjections
An interjection is a word used to express sudden feelings.
Examples:
Wow!
Oh!
Hurray!
Oops!
Example Sentences:
Wow! That painting is beautiful.
Hurray! We won the match.
17. Punctuation
Punctuation marks make sentences clear and easy to understand.
Full Stop (.)
Used at the end of a sentence.
Example:
She is reading.
Comma (,)
Used to separate items in a list.
Example:
I bought apples, bananas, and oranges.
Question Mark (?)
Used after a question.
Example:
Where are you going?
Exclamation Mark (!)
Used to show strong feelings.
Example:
What a wonderful day!
18. Capital Letters
Capital letters are used in the following situations:
- At the beginning of a sentence
- For names of people
- For names of cities and countries
- For days and months
- For festivals and special events
Examples:
Riya lives in India.
Today is Monday.
19. Paragraph Writing
A paragraph is a group of sentences about one topic.
A good paragraph should:
- Have a main idea
- Use clear sentences
- Stay on the same topic
Example Paragraph
My Best Friend
My best friend is Rahul. He studies in my class. He is kind and helpful. We play together every day. I enjoy spending time with him.