1. Definition of Voice
Voice shows whether the subject of the sentence performs the action or receives the action.
- Active Voice: The subject does the action.
- Passive Voice: The subject receives the action.
2. Active and Passive Voice Examples
| Voice | Example (English) | Example (Hindi) |
|---|
| Active Voice | Ram eats an apple. | राम सेब खाता है। |
| Passive Voice | An apple is eaten by Ram. | एक सेब राम द्वारा खाया जाता है। |
3. Rules for Changing Active to Passive Voice
- Object becomes the subject in passive voice.
- Active: She writes a letter.
- Passive: A letter is written by her.
- Verb form changes according to tense:
| Tense (Active) | Active Example | Passive Example |
|---|
| Present Simple | She eats an apple. | An apple is eaten by her. |
| Past Simple | She ate an apple. | An apple was eaten by her. |
| Future Simple | She will eat an apple. | An apple will be eaten by her. |
| Present Continuous | She is eating an apple. | An apple is being eaten by her. |
| Past Continuous | She was eating an apple. | An apple was being eaten by her. |
| Present Perfect | She has eaten an apple. | An apple has been eaten by her. |
| Past Perfect | She had eaten an apple. | An apple had been eaten by her. |
| Future Perfect | She will have eaten an apple. | An apple will have been eaten by her. |
- Do not mention the agent (by whom) if not necessary:
- Active: Someone stole my bag.
- Passive: My bag was stolen.
Quick Tips
- Passive voice is often used when the doer is unknown or unimportant.
- Always ensure the verb agrees with the new subject.
- Use “by” to show the agent if needed.