Class 10 Science The Human Eye and the Colourful World
Introduction Human Eye: An organ responsible for vision, allowing us to perceive the world around us. Colourful World: Refers to how light interacts with objects to create the colours we…
Class 10 Science Light Reflection and Refraction Notes
Introduction Light is a form of energy that enables us to see objects. The study of light involves its behavior when it strikes surfaces (reflection) or passes through different mediums…
Class 10 Science Heredity Notes
Introduction Heredity: The process by which traits and characteristics are passed from parents to offspring. Explains why children resemble their parents but are not identical. 1. Mendel’s Experiments Gregor Mendel:…
Class 10 Science How do Organisms Reproduce Notes
Introduction Reproduction: Biological process by which organisms produce offspring to maintain their species. Two main types: Asexual and Sexual reproduction. 1. Asexual Reproduction Definition: Reproduction involving single parent, offspring are…
Class 10 Science Control and Coordination Notes
Introduction Control and coordination is the process by which organisms respond to stimuli and maintain internal stability (homeostasis). Achieved by the nervous system and hormonal system. 1. Nervous System in…
Class 10 Science Life Processes Notes
Introduction Life processes are the essential activities that keep an organism alive. Main life processes include: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion. 1. Nutrition Definition: Process of taking food, breaking it…
Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds Notes
Introduction Carbon is a non-metal with unique bonding properties. Forms catenation (bonding with itself) and variety of compounds. Forms organic compounds, mainly hydrocarbons and functional derivatives. 1. Covalent Bonding in…
Class 10 Science Metals and Non-metals Notes
Introduction Metals: Elements that lose electrons to form cations, usually solid, lustrous, and good conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals: Elements that gain electrons to form anions, usually brittle, dull,…
Class 10 Science Acids Bases and Salts Notes
Introduction Acids: Substances that release H⁺ ions in water. Examples: HCl, H₂SO₄ Bases: Substances that release OH⁻ ions in water. Examples: NaOH, Ca(OH)₂ Salts: Compounds formed when an acid reacts…
Class 10 Science Chemical Reactions and Equations Notes
Introduction Chemical reaction: Process where reactants transform into products with new chemical properties. Examples: Combustion: C + O₂ → CO₂ Rusting: Fe + O₂ + H₂O → Fe₂O₃·xH₂O Types of…
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